2026-04-10Views：
Compressors are classified according to different structural forms as follows:
according to its principle can be divided:
reciprocating (piston) compressor, rotary (rotary) compressor (turbine, water ring, turbine) compressor, axial compressor, jet compressor and screw compressor and other types, of which the most widely used is reciprocating (piston) compressor.
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piston compressor how to classify?
There are many ways to classify piston compressors, and the names are also different. There are usually the following classification methods:
(I) according to the cylinder position of the compressor (cylinder center line) can be divided:
(1) horizontal compressor, the cylinder is horizontal (cylinder center line into the horizontal direction).
(2) vertical compressor cylinders are vertical arrangement (vertical compressor).
(3) Angle compressor, the cylinder is arranged into L type, V type, W type and star type and other different angles.
According to the number of compressor cylinder sections (stages), the (II) can be divided:
(1) Single-stage compressor (single-stage): The gas is compressed once in the cylinder.
(2) Double-stage compressor (two-stage): The gas is compressed twice in the cylinder.
(3) Multi-stage compressor (multi-stage): The gas is compressed multiple times in the cylinder.
According to the arrangement method of (III) cylinder, it can be divided:
(1) Tandem compressor: a multi-stage compressor in which several cylinders are arranged on the same shaft in turn, also known as a single-row compressor.
(2) Side-by-side compressor: a multi-stage compressor with several cylinders arranged in parallel on several shafts, also known as a double-row compressor or a multi-row compressor.
(3) Duplex compressor: A multi-stage compressor is composed of series and parallel type.
(4) Symmetrically balanced compressor: The cylinders are arranged horizontally on both sides of the crankshaft whose crankshaft journals are 180 degrees from each other, and are arranged in an H-shape, and their inertial force can basically be balanced. (Large compressors are moving in this direction).
According to the compression action of the piston, the (IV) can be divided:
(1) Single-acting compressor: The gas is compressed only on one side of the piston, also known as single-acting compressor.
(2) Double-acting compressor: The gas can be compressed on both sides of the piston, also known as double-acting or multi-acting compressor.
(3) Multi-cylinder single-acting compressor: a compressor that uses one side of the piston to compress and has multiple cylinders.
(4) Multi-cylinder double-acting compressor: a compressor that uses both sides of the piston to compress and has multiple cylinders.
According to the final discharge pressure of the compressor, the (V) can be divided:
(1) low pressure compressor: exhaust end pressure in 3~10 gauge pressure.
(2) Medium pressure compressor: the end pressure of exhaust is 10~100 gauge pressure.
(3) High-pressure compressor: the end pressure of exhaust is 100~1000 gauge pressure.
(4) Ultra-high pressure compressor: the end pressure of the exhaust is above the 1000 gauge pressure.
(VI) according to the size of the compressor displacement can be divided:
(1) Micro compressor: the gas transmission volume is less than 1 m 3/min.
(2) small compressor: the gas transmission volume is below 1~10 m 3/min.
(3) Medium-sized compressor: the gas transmission volume is 10 m 3/min ~ 100 m 3/min.
(4) Large compressor: the gas transmission capacity is 100 m3/min.
(VII) according to the speed of the compressor can be divided:
(1) Low-speed compressor: below 200 r/min.
(2) Transfer number compressor: at 200~450 rpm/at 50 minutes.
(3) High-speed compressor: 450~1000 r/min.
(VIII) according to the type of transmission can be divided:
(1) Electric compressor: powered by electric motor;
(2) Pneumatic compressor: powered by steam engine;
(3) Compressors powered by internal combustion engines;
(4) Compressors powered by steam turbines.
(IX) according to the cooling method can be divided:
(1) Water-cooled compressor: Use the circulating flow of cooling water to conduct away the heat in the compression process.
(2) air-cooled compressor: the use of their own wind through the heat sink and away the heat in the compression process.
(X) according to the power machine and compressor transmission method can be divided:
(1) The rigid body coupling of the device directly drives the compressor or tightly engages the compressor.
(2) device flexible coupling direct drive compressor.
(3) reduction gear drive compressor.
(4) Belt (flat belt or V-belt) drive compressor.
(5) free piston compressor without crankshaft-connecting rod mechanism.
(6) Positive structure compressor-that is, the cylinder of the motor compressor power machine and the compressor seat are integrally made, and the compressor is made of a common crankshaft.
In addition, the compressor has fixed and mobile points, and a crosshead without a crosshead.
In the process of compressing air, air compressors are classified according to whether air is mixed with lubricating oil. They can be divided into oil-type air compressors and oil-free air compressors. Lubricating oil has lubricating and cooling effects on any mechanical equipment. For oil-type air compressors, lubricating oil also has the function of airtightness to improve the volumetric efficiency of air compressors. Therefore, from the point of view of energy saving, the energy efficiency of the oil-type air compressor is definitely higher than that of the oil-free air compressor. It is undeniable that the oil and gas in compressed air will cause many troubles in use. Even if it is treated by precision filters, it cannot reach the realm of complete oil-free. Although the energy efficiency of oil-based air compressors is relatively high, the purchase cost of precision filters and the pressure loss and energy loss caused by precision filters are also considerable, unless pneumatic equipment can accept oil-containing compressed air or a small amount of compressed air, the vast majority of users, especially in the industry, have abandoned oil-based air compressors. Therefore, the following chapters will be based on the analysis of oil-free air compressors.
In the way of compression to distinguish the air compressor can be divided into fixed displacement type air compressor (Positive Displacement Compressor) and kinetic energy type air compressor (Dynamic Compressor). The advantages and disadvantages of each type of air compressor will be introduced in the following.
(A) The common characteristic of the fixed displacement air compressor is to use the air compressor to apply mechanical work to "compress" the volume of air in a certain volume of air, and at the same time increase the pressure. This type of air compressor used to be duplex (Reciprocating) and spiral (Rotor Screw) The most representative and popular.
(B) The volume of any non-direct "compressed" air can be classified as a kinetic air compressor in a way that increases pressure. There are many special books on kinetic air compressors, so I will not repeat them here. From the point of view of its popularity and energy saving, centrifugal air compressor is introduced as the mainstream. In fact, centrifugal air compressor can be divided into multi-section coaxial type (Milti-Stage In-line) and gear speed increase type (Integral Gear). Comparing the multi-stage coaxial type with the gear speed-increasing type, the multi-stage coaxial type is much larger in volume or weight than the gear speed-increasing type. Of course, in addition to its higher cost, its energy efficiency is far lower than that of the gear speed-increasing type. Therefore, it can still be seen in the use of compressing special gases (air or gases other than nitrogen) with super-large air volume (the market area is about 100,000CFM / 170,000CMH), the first gear-increasing centrifugal air compressor is the representative of the kinetic air compressor.
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